Rhetorical Analysis of Charles Murray Essay - 1312 Words

Rhetorical Analysis Are too many people going to college? This question has been contemplated over for years. The increased cost of college throughout the years has caused the question to become even more relevant. Charles Murray, an author from the American Enterprise Institute, wrote the essay entitled â€Å"Are Too Many People Going to College?† Murray’s essay sought ought to explain that universities are being filled with students who are either not prepared for higher education or who are compelled into attending college and are unable to succeed because the lack of inherent abilities. While Murray makes many pertinent points about America’s infatuation with the B.A as a standard into a class of intellectual elite the essay does not take†¦show more content†¦Murray hope this would leave these people to begin develop a better way for people to achieve academic or professional success. Also this essay translates easily to those in position of seeking higher education so they will understand Murray’s point of view. Murray applies the rhetorical appeals of pathos, ethos, and logos throughout the essay. His rhetorical appeal on pathos is used to help promote his view on society’s misalignment of understanding that all youth should be prepared to attend college. He argues that a student who has the natural abilities for liking the stringent work it takes to complete a college education, and whose SAT scores meets the threshold for college readiness, is more likely to succeed than a student that does not have those same abilities. Because these student s are grouped as one and are all given one option the students who do not have those abilities are being set up to fail ( Murray 227). Murray’s ethos appeal propose that guidance counselors and others with a vested interest in a student’s should take heed to the student’s strengths and they may realize college is not the best option. Murray argues, â€Å"Guidance counselors and parents who automatically encourage young people to go to college straight out of high school regardless of their skills and interests are being thoughtless about the best interests of young people inShow MoreRelatedAre Too Many People Going to College Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis on â€Å"Are Too Many People Going to College† Charles Murray’s essay proposes that American colleges are being flooded with individuals who are either unprepared for higher education or who are simply forced into attending college and can’t succeed because of the lack of certain innate abilities. Murray’s essay goes on to take issue with the idea that the pursuit of a traditional college education is somehow strategically creating a separation of the American class system. While Murray makesRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis On Real Education By Robert Perry1025 Words   |  5 PagesA Rhetorical Analysis on Real Education Charles Murray talks about students going to college when they don’t have to. However, an article by author Robert T. Perry, â€Å"Real Education,† discusses why Americans need to aim for higher education; Perry argues the importance about perusing a post-secondary school. He tries to persuade the audience, students, parents, and other educational learners to go to school and achieve a higher degree. He opposes Murray and explains it in a different way. Perry wasRead More The Life and Political Career of James Madison Essay4338 Words   |  18 Pagesproblems of the Articles of Confederation. Upon pointing out the troubles, Madison quickly addresses the solutions through his powerful words and implorations for change. James Madison’s use of rhetorical questions subtly directs his audience to reflect on his points of concern. By using rhetorical questions, he is able to make the audience view his arguments of change and consider why the people had originally called for the amendments of the Articles of Confederation. Madison asks his audienceRead MoreFeminism in Adrienne Richs Poetry Essay2828 Words   |  12 Pagestoday and their historical counterparts, and by envisioning the women of the future who will emerge from the feminist struggle, her poetry celebrates womens strength and possibilities. Elaborating her vision, Rich brings a nurturing ethos to her analysis of social priorities: I simply believe that human society is capable of meeting the fundamental needs of all human beings: we can give them a minimum standard of living, we can give them an education, we can create an environment which is moreRead MoreWhy Did the League of Nations Fail?14508 Words   |  59 Pagesspending constraints. These dimensions, including the aggregate explanations of the weaknesses of the League of Nations, have not been explored adequately by the extensive literature on the interwar economic and political turmoil. I would argue that analysis of these failures by the League of Nations can increase our understanding of the military rivalries, regime changes, and, ultimately, the outbreak of World War II. First, here I will analyze how and why the League of Nations failed to provide credibleRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory focuses attention on the human issues in organization ‘There is nothing so practical as a good theory’ How Roethlisberger developed a ‘practical’ organization theory Column 1: The core contributing social sciences Column 2: The techniques for analysis Column 3: The neo-modernist perspective Column 4: Contributions to business and management Four combinations of science, scientific technique and the neo-modernist approach reach different parts of the organization Level 1: Developing the organizationRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrateRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

Does Ghost Exist in Real Life (Argumentative Essays)

Does ghost exist in real life? It has been a popular question been ask for few decades. Some people encounter the supernatural phenomena, some not. So there are people who believe and people who disbelieves. Therefore, here are some introduction of what ghost really is, where we can find their existence, how can we feel their presence and does science proof the existence of ghost. In traditional belief and fiction, a ghost (sometimes known as a spectre (British English) or specter (American English), phantom, apparition or spook) is the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear, in visible form or other manifestation, to the living. Descriptions of the apparition of ghosts vary widely from an invisible presence to†¦show more content†¦This theory concerning ghosts remains unproven. We ponder if it is also possible that this type of ghost is just trapped in time, unable to communicate or interact with the living due to severe emotional trauma - a self-created mental prison, if you will. Both ghost theories regarding non-reactive ghosts will have to be worked on in the future to see which has merit. Another type of ghost is called a poltergeist, which many believe to be the projected psychokinetic energy of a living person that creates movement of objects and various noises. Though the word poltergeist is German for noisy ghost, this type of phenomenon is not attributed to ghosts by those who have studied such accounts. It seems true poltergeist haunting activity is typically centred around a female adolescent in the home who is unwittingly producing the disturbance. The disturbance typically ceases over time, as the adolescent ages. A theory regarding ghosts centres around the previously described condition the earthbound spirits find themselves in. For these reasons, we believe many a haunting occurs, as ghosts are suffering and in need of assistance in easing the emotional pain. We believe that we are finding most ghostly activity, such as noises, dreams, visible appearances, various disturbance, communications, touching, and even attacks, can all be explained by coming to understand the desperate minds of pained, disembodied spirits.Show MoreRelatedDoes Ghost Exist in Real Life? (Argumentative Essays)1267 Words   |  6 PagesDoes ghost exist in real life? It has been a popular question been ask for few decades. Some people encounter the supernatural phenomena, some not. So there are people who believe and people who disbelieves. Therefore, here are some introduction of what ghost really is, where we can find their existence, how can we feel their presence and does science proof the existence of ghost. In tr aditional belief and fiction, a ghost (sometimes known as a spectre (British English) or specter (American English)Read MoreMedia Violence9754 Words   |  40 PagesChildren are among the greatest of imitatorsÂ… The debate over media violence has eluded definitive answers for more then three decades. At first glance, the debate is dominated by one question. Whether or not media violence causes real life violence and whether or not it has a negative effect of the modern day Canadian family. Closer examination reveals a political battle. On one hand, there are those who blame media violence for societal violence and want to censor violent content to protectRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesiv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. StanleyRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 PagesBy the same author SIXTY STEPS TO PRECIS POETRY AND PROSE APPRECIATION ESSAY AND LEITER ·WRITING A FIRST BOOK IN COMPREHENSION PRECIS AND COMPOSITION ras CARTERS OF GREENWOOD (Cineloops) DETECTIVES FROM SCOTLAND YARD (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) CAR THIEVES [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) WORTH A FORTUNE [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) APRIL FOOLS DAY [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) PROFESSOR BOFFIN S UMBRELLA (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) OPERATION MASfERMINDRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEmployees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National CultureRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesthe 1970s and 1980s and was typed camera-ready in a manuscript submitted to the same publishers in 1983. The publishers first delayed in responding and then finally admitted they had lost the copy. So only a photocopy of the original typed version exists. During the 1990s, the manuscript was partly typed without alteration into a Word processor, originally an Apple-based system. This was transferred to an IBM system quite recently, but without any conversion of the character codes. It seems that two

Honesty Within free essay sample

Mirrors exist to show a perfect reflection of our physical bodies, but nothing more than that. Only our words and thoughts represent our personal qualities that mean so much. The honest valueof a human is reflected in the small views of light while caught up in darkness and adversity. The trait i hold the most value to is honesty. Honesty is to see the truth for what it really is, act upon the truth when conflict arises, and to believe the truth. I acquired honesty when i admitted i didn’t know what â€Å"truth† actually meant and choose to be naive rather than denouncing others. When emerging into adulthood i was quick to judgement and easily accused other, but learned that my proofless assumptions were as bad as lies. In the dark times i hurt others. I learned from that and realized the truth as it is, is better than what i want the truth to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Honesty Within or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The greatest part about honesty is that if you see yourselfas you truly are, and not as you want to be, then you can mold your future into anything you want. It may sound drastic, but i believe that if you are honest with yourself, you can assess your actions and reactions to strive for change accordingly. I believe so much in honesty because i believe integrity is one of the most sought after human qualities. Honesty creates bonds with fellow humans which help us continue on. The golden rule taught us to, â€Å"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.† Honesty can be thought of in the same way. Be honest to others and expect honesty in return. Through my actions, beliefs ,and with honesty, the smiles i have put on peoples faces my true character is shown. Honesty has granted me the ability to shape my future based on past events, making it possible to not repeat it. Only those who dont acknowledge their faults in the past are the ones who sealed their fate and are condemned to repeat the past. I for one hope I never repeat the childish ways of my past by pointing my finger trying to find blame. Honesty is the very aspectof personal authority, and beinghuman i am liablefor the prospective future i create. My future could provide an individual with the push they need to strive for total honesty. Its like being the seed that creates a giant redwood tree, which provides shade and shelter for other seeds to germinate and grow. I see myself while looking into the mirror with a tangible copy looking back. I see myself for who i really am, not who i want to be. With that each one of us has the seed with in, but only you can decide what tree you become.

Questioning Our Self Essays - Philosophy, Ego Psychology

Questioning our ?Self' Something that interests us all is ourselves - because we are the subject and main focus of our lives. No matter what you think of yourself, there is a natural interest because you have to live with yourself for a lifetime. The self view is therefore something that can give us a lot of misery if we see ourselves in the wrong way. Even under the best of circumstances, if we don't see ourselves in the right way we still end up creating suffering in our minds. The Buddha was trying to point out that the way to solve the problem isn't through trying to make everything right and pleasant on the external dimension, but to develop the right understanding, the right attitude towards ourselves, and to overall just do what we can. Living in the US at this time, we expect comfort and all kinds of privileges and material comforts. This makes life more pleasant in many ways, but when our every need is provided for and life is too comfortable, something in us just doesn't develop. Sometimes it is the struggle through hardship that develops and matures us as human beings. But when we give up or surrender to restriction and to restraint through wisdom, we find liberation. Life is the experience of restriction and restraint, being born in our own skin and having to live under the laws of nature. Mentally we can fly to the sky, but physically we are bound to limitations that get more and more restrictive the older we get. This isn't seen as suffering by us because that's just the way things are. The sense of oneself is something that we are aware of when we are children; when we're born there is no sense of a self as being anything. As we grow up we learn what we are supposed to be, if we are good or bad, if we are pretty or ugly, if we are smart or stupid. So we develop a sense of ourselves. Even when we get older, sometimes we still have very adolescent attitudes or childish emotional reactions to life that we have been unable to resolve except by suppressing or ignoring them. There is one way of talking about the self that makes it sound very doctrinal. It seemed to me that Buddhists can sometimes say that there is no self, as if it was a proclamation that they have to believe in; as if there were some higher being saying THERE IS NO SELF BOYS AND GIRLS! It doesn't seem true to just go announcing that there isn't any self- because what is this experience that we are feeling right now? Where I am now there seems to be very much a sense of oneself. I'm feeling, I'm breathing, I see, I hear; I react to things - people can praise me or criticize me and I feel happy or sad. " ?All states are without self', when one sees this in wisdom, then he becomes dispassionate towards the painful. This is the Path to Purity." (134 Rahula) So if this isn't me then what is it? And am I supposed to go around as a Buddhist believing that I don't have a self? Or if I am going to believe, should it be in something like God where I can believe that I have a self, because then I can say things like my true self is perfect and pure even if it's not? That at least gives me some kind of inspiration and reason to live my life, rather than saying that there is no self and no soul, leaving a total of zero possibilities. These are just examples of the use of language; we can say "there is no self" as a proclamation, or there is no self as a reflection. The reflective way is to encourage us to contemplate the self. The Buddha was pointing to the fact that when we really look at these changing conditions that we tend to identify with, we can begin to see that these are not self. What we believe in is not what we really are: it's a position, it's a condition, it's something that changes according to time and place. Each one of us is experiencing consciousness through the human body that we have. There are moments in our lives when the self does stop functioning and we get in touch with the pure state

Free Essays on William Blakes Contrary States

William Blake’s Theory of Contrary States BY: DELORES JOHNSON William Blake was a talented poet. Many fans and critics alike think him one of the greatest poets of his time. It will be my duty and my pleasure to try a new approach to his writings and some insight to his poems. Of all his poetry that I have read I find the most contrast within the two collections of lyric poems called Songs of Innocence and Experience (1789-1794). These poems represent how Blake felt about â€Å"the two states of the human soul.† The poems in these collections were meant to contrast each other to reflect that. â€Å"Without contraries there is no progression† was often heard from his lips. I agree with that sentiment. I m a college student and as such I am going down an enlighten road. I truly believe that there is a constant struggle between the bourgeois and the proletariat. I believe that there is some evidence of Blake being aware of this struggle as demonstrated in the poems â€Å"Holy Thursday† and â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†. These poems display ironic views and an overly trusting attitude towards the government. Blake was a controversial poet who often stirred up the political pots of his time. In fact I think that it was his hope to awaken some sympathy within the dormant hearts of the affluent people within his society, to the plight of the common man. So in this essay my goal is to show that Blake was a spiritual man, a man of sympathy and a natural love towards children. Yet I will still be able to uncover with my research why Blake was so avid a believer in man’s contrary soul.... Free Essays on William Blakes Contrary States Free Essays on William Blakes Contrary States William Blake’s Theory of Contrary States BY: DELORES JOHNSON William Blake was a talented poet. Many fans and critics alike think him one of the greatest poets of his time. It will be my duty and my pleasure to try a new approach to his writings and some insight to his poems. Of all his poetry that I have read I find the most contrast within the two collections of lyric poems called Songs of Innocence and Experience (1789-1794). These poems represent how Blake felt about â€Å"the two states of the human soul.† The poems in these collections were meant to contrast each other to reflect that. â€Å"Without contraries there is no progression† was often heard from his lips. I agree with that sentiment. I m a college student and as such I am going down an enlighten road. I truly believe that there is a constant struggle between the bourgeois and the proletariat. I believe that there is some evidence of Blake being aware of this struggle as demonstrated in the poems â€Å"Holy Thursday† and â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†. These poems display ironic views and an overly trusting attitude towards the government. Blake was a controversial poet who often stirred up the political pots of his time. In fact I think that it was his hope to awaken some sympathy within the dormant hearts of the affluent people within his society, to the plight of the common man. So in this essay my goal is to show that Blake was a spiritual man, a man of sympathy and a natural love towards children. Yet I will still be able to uncover with my research why Blake was so avid a believer in man’s contrary soul....

Quotes to Celebrate Friendship Day

Quotes to Celebrate Friendship Day True friendship stands the test of time. You might be separated by geographical boundaries and distances. But when your  best friend calls, you can transcend any physical or mental boundary. Childhood friends have a special bond with you. They knew you before you became worldly wise, were there in your childhood and teenage years and knew your family. They share your past. Friends you make as an adult see the full blooming of your soul, wit, and heart and are friends in many dimensions. They celebrate your highs and are there to sympathize with your lows. Friendship, like any other relationship, requires care and attention. On Friendship Day, strengthen your friendship with your close buddies. In the spirit of the festival, exchange a token of love share a meaningful quote and raise a toast to a wonderful bond.   Mary Catherwood Two may talk together under the same roof for many years, yet never really meet, and two others at first speech are old friends. C. S. Lewis Friendship is unnecessary, like philosophy, like art ... it has no survival value; rather is one of those things that give value to survival. Claude Mermet Friends are like melons; shall I tell you why? To find one good you must one hundred try. Dag Hammarskjold Friendship needs no words. John Evelyn Friendship is the golden thread that ties the heart of all the world. Pietro Aretino I keep my friends as misers do their treasure, because, of all the things granted us by wisdom, none is greater or better than friendship. Robert Alan The rain may be falling hard outside,But your smile makes it all alright.Im so glad that youre my friend.I know our friendship will never end. Lord Byron Friendship is love without his wings. Solomon Ibn Gabirol My friend is he who will tell me my faults in private. Kahil Gibran Your friend is your needs answered.Let there be no purpose in friendship save the deepening of the spirit. Eustace Budgell Friendship is a strong and habitual inclination in two persons to promote the good and happiness of one another. Charles Peguy Love is rarer than genius itself. And friendship is rarer than love. Mary Dixon Thayer It is not what you give your friend, but what you are willing to give him that determines the quality of friendship. Edward Bulwer-Lytton One of the surest evidences of friendship that one individual can display to another is telling him gently of a fault. If any other can excel it, it is listening to such a disclosure with gratitude and amending the error. Cindy Lew Remember, the greatest gift is not found in a store nor under a tree, but in the hearts of true friends.

Commercialized Sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Commercialized Sport - Essay Example In the current developing world, commercialization of sports is a prevalent activity that has employed a large number of people. This is a considerable employment opportunity just like any other employment opportunity in to the sectors of the economy. There are some ethical issues that are involved in the commercialization of sports in the Midwest state university. First of all, commercialization of sports in the institution will jeopardize the educational activities that are in the school. With the commercialization of sports in the institution, some of the educational activities like lecturers, educational debates and exhibitions. Commercialization of the sports will only dwell on the physical activities that are involved in commercial sports. Therefore, the students will have lesser time scheduled for their educational activities. They will only be compelled to participate in the ball games and other commercial activities. In the end, the students will reflect a redundant performance in their education. Secondly, there are some students in learning institutions that do not have an interest in commercialized sports (French, 27). They are inclined to their education and have an interest in ensuring they have a better performance through their education. In actual sense, some students have low regards for sports. Therefore, increasing the participation time for commercialized sports is likely to reflect a disadvantage to such students. Lastly, there is a social issue that involves attaining cash in early stages of life. Some students may emerge to have talents in the stated sports (Morgan, 51-55). The stake holders and controllers of such sports may jeopardize the learning of such student s and introduce them to more professional and commercialized sports. In the end, the students will drop out of school. Before getting on this particular project, there are a number of people that should certify the event.

Vaccination Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vaccination - Assignment Example On the contrary, in West Virginia and Mississippi there are no laws that mandate vaccination. To that effect, some parents choose not to vaccinate their children because they believe that it may result in autism. Advocates of immunization claim that the government should not intervene in personal medical choices. The opponents of vaccination claim that the immune system of the children can deal naturally with the majority of the infections. The Mayo Clinic pointed out that natural immunity is more complete than a series of vaccines. Some guardians usually do not want their children to be vaccinated because the process of vaccination introduces foreign particles in the children’s immune system resulting in side effects like autism (Plotkin, 2006). More to the point, the flu vaccine have been found to contain thimerosal that is packaged in multi-dose vials. When the health workers draw individual doses, they leave the vaccine susceptible for to contamination each time the rubber is punctured. The presence of this preservative in the vaccine was found by (Andrew & McCarthy, 2010) to cause autism. An introduction of mercury in the body affects the nervous system resulting in autistic like symptoms. It causes the dysregulation of the immune system of the child affecting neurodevelopment. Autism signs are evidenced (Mesmere, 2007). Even with introduction of the pre-filled syringes, certain medical that find it expensive still the thimerosal as a preservative. The 1998 Lancet paper reported that immunization is not safe. Parents of the 8 out of 12 whose children were studies asserted that 14 months after receiving the combination measles-mumps-rubella vaccine the kids exhibited symptoms of autism. Moreover, Plotkin, Gerber, and Offit (2009) argue that the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine allows the entry of encelophalopathic causes autism by damaging the intestinal lining. The

Muscular and Fitness Project Essay Example for Free

Muscular and Fitness Project Essay My class participants have a good overall health. Many of them have strong upper body strength and a moderate strength on the legs. They lack a core body and abdominal strength and have very low levels of flexibility. They need the most amount of work in flexibility. Weekly Routine for Flexibility Workout Day Flex Exercises Muscle Stretched Reps Time Reps Time Reps Time Mon Lying Quad Stretch Quads 4 20 4 20 4 25 Mon Modified Hurdlers Stretch Hamstrings 4 20 4 20 4 25 Wed Upper Back/Torso Stretch Traps 2 20 2 20 2 25 Mon Calf Stretch Gastrocnemius 4 20 4 20 4 25 Wed Lower Back Stretch Latisimus Dorsi 2 20 2 20 2 25 Fri Chest/Bicep Stretch Pecs/Biceps 2 20 2 20 2 25 Fri Shoulder/Tricep Stretch Triceps/Deltoids 4 20 4 20 4 25 Wed Lying Abdominal Stretch Abdominal 1 60 1 60 1 70 Weekly Routine for Muscle Workout Day Muscle Exercises Muscle Stretched Sets Reps Resistance Sets Reps Resistance Mon Lunges Quads 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Wed Push Ups Pecs 3 10 None 1 15 None Mon Hamstring Curl Hamstrings 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Wed Dead Rows Latisimus Dorsi 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Mon Calf Rises Gastrocnemius 3 10 None 1 15 None Fri Tricep Dips Triceps 3 10 None 1 15 None Fri Shoulder Shrugs Traps 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Fri Bicep Curl Biceps 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Fri Lateral Rises Deltoids 3 10 10 lbs 1 15 10 lbs Wed Leg Lifts Abdominal 3 10 None 1 15 None *You need to vary your workouts and want to give time for your body to recover from the workout. * Safety Guidelines Never continue if you feel any pain Never exercise a certain muscle group every day, make sure you give your muscles time to rest Never lift more than you can safely Never wear clothes that restrict your movement Never overstretch or over lift, it will do more harm than help Always warm up with a light cardiovascular activity beforehand Always use proper lifting technique Always breathe correctly Always train to have muscle balance Always control the weight when lifting Research how to correctly do each exercise from a reliable source before starting and make sure you have proper body alignment at all times SPORT/FITT principles Specificity Training should be designed to meet a specific need. Increase Flexibility Example: You want to increase the range of motion in your shoulder muscles. Increase Muscular Condition Example: You want to improve your muscular endurance in your shoulder muscles. Progression Training should start slowly and gradually. Increase Flexibility Example: Your shoulder stretches will be performed slowly and gradually become more challenging. Increase Muscular Condition Example: You will perform shoulder shrugs as part of your muscular fitness routine and gradually increase the challenge of this activity. Overload Training should require you to do more than you normally do. Apply the principle of Overload by changing the Frequency, Intensity, Time and/or Type (FITT) of activity you perform: Frequency: How often you perform the activity. Increase Flexibility Example: In week one, you will stretch three times per week and gradually work up to stretching five days per week. Increase Muscular Condition Example: In week one, you do shoulder shrugs two times per week and gradually work up to three times per week over a four week period. Intensity: How intensely you perform the activity. Increase Flexibility Example: As your flexibility increases you will gently extend how far you hold your shoulder stretches. Increase Muscular Condition Example: In week one you will use three pound weights and gradually work up to eight pound weights over a four week period. Time: The duration of your activity. Increase Flexibility Example: You will start by holding your shoulder stretch for 20 seconds and gradually work your way up to 40 second holds over a four week period. Increase Muscular Condition Example: In week one, you will attempt to do eight repetitions and gradually work up to 12 to 18 repetitions over a four week period. Type: The type of activity you perform. Increase Flexibility Example: You will also perform some chest and back stretches to further enhance the flexibility in these related and connected  muscle groups. Increase Muscular Condition Example: You will also incorporate some push-ups into your routine. Reversibility Training should continue or you will reverse your improvement. Increase Flexibility Example: You must continue to stretch or your improvements will reverse. Increase Muscular Condition Example: You must continue to perform muscular training exercises or your improvements will reverse. Tedium Training should include a variety of activities to avoid boredom. Increase Flexibility Example: You will try some yoga poses that incorporate shoulder stretches. Increase Muscular Condition Example: You will also swim laps in the pool and use the water as resistance. Equipment Dumbbells: Dumbbells are good for a variety of exercise. They offer a great range of motion and have a compact size. Dumbbells are not expensive. The ones pictured are $7 each for a total of $14.They offer a resistance of 10 lbs. total. Leg Weights: They are mainly used to exercise leg muscles. They can add a small bit of resistance to an exercise (3 lbs. each). They would cost about $25 for a pair. Steps: Steps are used for calf exercises and for balancing while doing other exercises. They are compact and easy to use. The one pictured is way out of budget, $40, so it is not recommended to buy them. Rather you can use your own stairs if you have them.

Helping Children From Broken Homes Essay -- Community Service, Service

"Love cannot remain by itself — it has no meaning. Love has to be put into action and that action is service." - Mother Teresa This past summer I had the opportunity to perform community service and participate in an event called â€Å"Upward Bound†. The purpose of this event is to reach out to children who come from broken homes, and help them to become leaders in their homes, schools and communities. This was my second year to volunteer with Upward Bound. The first year I was helping with elementary children, but this year I was a counselor for junior high students. This experience is one I will never forget. On a Sunday morning I met the kids I would be responsible for during the following week. From the first moment I knew it was going to be an interesting week. My kids each brought...

Modified Calendar Issue

Modifying a traditional school calendar essentially means that students attend school throughout the entire year with several mini-breaks rather than an extended summer break. There are both pros and cons involved in modifying the traditional school calendar. This essay will address the pros and provide rationale for selecting one calendar over another. Traditional School Calendar Growing up with a traditional school calendar, going to school from August until June and having the glorious three-month summer was something to look forward to as a child. According to Hsu’s article in the San Bernardino Sun, â€Å"Parents said a shorter summer would limit teens' chances to work and do internships, and that families would have to cancel planned vacations† (2007). Community involvement is essential for a child to nurture ownership of the community and feel a sense of belonging. The extended summer calendar worked in the past, traditionally, and it would seemingly work now, except that things have changed over the years and a modified school calendar meets some needs of a changing world. Things that were not evident in the past have become apparent and a modified school calendar creates opportunity to address some of those needs whereas a traditional calendar does not. Modified School Calendar Many parents struggle with an age-old problem of coordinating breaks and vacations with their children. Many times children have longer breaks from school than the parents do from work. Shorter breaks are more reasonable and true to life in the business world, preparing children for a coming future. Harold Vollkommer, an assistant superintendent said, â€Å"Longer spring and winter recesses would provide time for students who were behind in school to take short, intensive remedial courses† (2007). This type of opportunity also helps by preparing students for greater responsibilities. Additionally, children learn how to manage their time. Working in internships and volunteering for the community becomes a year-round thing rather than just a summer thing. Conclusion Having experienced both calendars, I am in favor of the modified calendar. Traditions are nice and should never be forgotten; but, as time changes and new advancements are discovered and made, so must we be willing to modify a traditional way of doing things to accommodate our growth and potential. References Hsu, C. (2007). Board rejects proposed school calendar changes. Retrieved January 24, 2007 from,

McDonald’s Company Essay

Today McDonald’s have more than 32,000 local restaurants serving and more than 60 million customers in 117 countries each days. McDonald operation begin in 1940 when Dick and Mac opened McDonald’s Bar-B-Que restaurant in San Bernardino, California. In 1948, Dick and Mac close the operation for the renovation and reopened after three month later with the most popular item. In 1954, Ray Kroc, as multimode, was attraction and operation and learnt that the McDonald brother had desired to franchise their operation. Besides that, McDonald also into international market and continue to expend around the globe. For the management of McDonald, the main aspect to entire the business are ethical, truthful, and dependable . McDonald was conduct by their Board of Director that insure their act in the best interest. Apart from that, takes a proactive approach to enforcing their global food service. For the Global Perspective, McDonald has developed a strategy for operating their fast food enterprise. First, McDonald is not rely merely on its brand success in Unite State. Second, McDonald should attune their brand and also understand what the local cultures and develop a strategy that suitable with the local customer base. Based on the past experience, the future of McDonald is looking bright. 2. WHAT TYPES OF MANAGERIAL LEVELS DO YOU THINK EXIST WITHIN THE McDONALD’S CORPORATION? HOW WOULD THESE LEVELS INTERACT TO ACCOMPLOSH THE GOALS OF THE ORGANISATION? The types of managerial levels that exist within the McDonald’s corporation are Board of Director. A Board of Director is the higher level in the business McDonald’s Corporation that elected by stockholders to represent their ownership interest. A role of Board of Director is to ensure all the business activity being run right and at the same time to ensure their business activity will archived their objective, mission, and vision. An objective is important to the business activity same like McDonald’s corporation because it guide marketing action and at the same time used to make sure how well plan is working along the business activity. There are many interact to accomplish the goals of the organization by the  levels. First, they must act in the best interests of, and fulfil their fiduciary obligations to, McDonald’s shareholders. It means that, McDonald Corporation needs make sure their profit increase by years to years with expand their business along the world to gain the trust of the shareholder to invest in the McDonald business activity. For example, Kroc was opened the first McDonald’s in Desplaines, lllinois and follow by international market on 1967 in Canada and Puerto Rico. Second, the main basic of business activity in McDonald’s is they must act honestly, fairly, ethically, and with integrity especially between the employees. So the level must avoid their self from bribery, carry out business with terrorist group, and received the laundering money. Third, conduct them in professional, courteous and respectful manner. For example, the Board of Director McDonald’s Corporation must have a good relationship between employees in the business activity where they come see the work done by their employee. Then, the level also must act in a method to increase and maintain the reputation of McDonald’s business activity where these level perform in an effectiveness and efficiency such as from the management process is planning, organization, leading, and controlling is using to achieve their goals. Besides that, a Board of Director must respect their confidentiality of information that related about the business activity except they get an authorized or legally required to disclose such information, because all the business activity have their own networking for the short and long period and plays as their secret of corporation to develop their business same like McDonald’s business activity. Finally, these levels mus t not use secret information about the company such as their planning, organizing, leading, and controlling for their personal advantage. 3 . HOW WILL McDONALD’S BE ABLE TO DEVELOP MANAGERIAL SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES NECESSARY TO CONTINUE THEIR SUCCESS IN THE FUTURE? Introduction The learning focus in McDonald’s management is on developing skills and competencies to deal with the trickiness of human behaviour and problem solving in organization. McDonald’s very famous among us because it known as popular fast food. Even though, it has achieved success around the globe, but not without overcoming a pair of challenges in its pursuit of the title â€Å"King of Fast Food†. So that skill is important to McDonald’s to translate knowledge into action that result in desired performance. Skill of management based on three categories and they are technical, human and conceptual for management success and their relative importance varies by level of managerial responsibility. Managerial skills A technical skill is the ability to use a special proficiency or expertise to perform particular tasks. For example, McDonald’s should knowing how to write a business plan, use statistics to analyze data from a market survey, prepare visual aids and deliver a persuasive oral presentation and find useful information on the internet. McDonald’s could not very merely on its brand success in the United States and simply run their international locations as they had in the US. They needed to attune their brand to the needs and wants of the local customers in each of the markets they are entered. McDonald’s also would need to understand the local cultures and develop a strategy that would match up with the expectations of the local customer base. For example, the first step McDonald’s to treading at Malaysia, marketers should be aware of the cultural and societal the resident. When they analysis, they know the majority of the resident in Malaysia is Islam so that they take the best way to make sure their objection will fulfil is they apply logo Halal to Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) to certified their product. Now, they can carry on their legal business at the Malaysia. A human skill or interpersonal skills is the ability to work well in cooperation with other people. This is very important because they are demonstrated in the workplace as a capacity to communicate, to collaborate and network and to engage others through interpersonal relationships with a spirit of trust, enthusiasm, positive engagement and a capacity to understand or empathize with the feeling of others. Manager of McDonald’s should encouraged the good relationship among the employer and employee because it can gives many benefits to company. The one of the benefits is it can encouraged the brainstorming from each other. Employer should cannot critic idea and accept idea who can develop the  company. The secret of McDonald’s success is its willingness to innovate, even while striving to achieve consistency in the operation of its many outlets and tried to appeal to wider range of customer. A conceptual skill is the ability to think critically and analytically to diagnose and solve complex problems. The â€Å"critical thinking† is a diagnostic skill based on cognitive intelligence who means a competency to think systematically, identify causes and effects links and recognize patterns in events and data. The one of the challenges was faced by McDonald’s it was gathering flak from the environmentalists who decried all the litter and solid waste its restaurants generated each day. To counter some of the critism, McDonald’s partnered with the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) to explore new ways to make its operations more friendly to the environment. In addition, it is also pays off in the bottom line by reducing shipping costs for supplies as well a garbage removal fees. Even though they faced many challenges but they should think properly how to handle and solve their problems and it will makes their success in the future.

Free Essays on Good, But Not Good Enough

Good, But Not Good Enough There are times when we feel we must be perfect in order to please others. No matter if we did the best we could do, if it wasn’t perfect we felt like a failure. We want the approval that comes with perfect ness. Every day we see a new commercial or magazine showing an image of a hunky, greased up muscle man or an anorexic model with tons of make up air brushed on her body and society compares you with that image. We as a people tend to use those false images of beauty as a scale to rate the rest of the population by and if you do not fit in that category you are not beautiful. So we strive to be accepted to be approved by the rest of society. In Janice Mirikitani’s poem â€Å"Suicide Note† a young Asian American college student apologizes to her parents for not being perfect. Perfect in school and perfect in life. Even though the girl worked very hard and did very well it wasn’t good enough in her mind and maybe in her parents’ mind to be worthy of her parents’ love or life itself, and so her only option was death to atone for her sin of imperfectness. The poem begins: How many notes written†¦/ ink smeared like bird prints in snow./ not good enough not pretty enough not smart enough / dear mother and father ./ I apologize/ for disappointing you / I’ve worked hard, / not good enough / harder, perhaps to please you.(373.1-9) Clearly the girl in this poem the girl is apologizing for much more than grades. She has set unrealistic standards for herself and has a lack of self worth all because she cannot achieve these standards. She cannot change the way she looks, yet she is apologizing for not being â€Å"pretty enough†. She also goes on to talk about how life may have been better for her if she were a son instead of a daughter. She would be worthy of love because she associates strength, confidence, beauty and smarts with being male. â€Å"I would swagger through life / muscled and bol... Free Essays on Good, But Not Good Enough Free Essays on Good, But Not Good Enough Good, But Not Good Enough There are times when we feel we must be perfect in order to please others. No matter if we did the best we could do, if it wasn’t perfect we felt like a failure. We want the approval that comes with perfect ness. Every day we see a new commercial or magazine showing an image of a hunky, greased up muscle man or an anorexic model with tons of make up air brushed on her body and society compares you with that image. We as a people tend to use those false images of beauty as a scale to rate the rest of the population by and if you do not fit in that category you are not beautiful. So we strive to be accepted to be approved by the rest of society. In Janice Mirikitani’s poem â€Å"Suicide Note† a young Asian American college student apologizes to her parents for not being perfect. Perfect in school and perfect in life. Even though the girl worked very hard and did very well it wasn’t good enough in her mind and maybe in her parents’ mind to be worthy of her parents’ love or life itself, and so her only option was death to atone for her sin of imperfectness. The poem begins: How many notes written†¦/ ink smeared like bird prints in snow./ not good enough not pretty enough not smart enough / dear mother and father ./ I apologize/ for disappointing you / I’ve worked hard, / not good enough / harder, perhaps to please you.(373.1-9) Clearly the girl in this poem the girl is apologizing for much more than grades. She has set unrealistic standards for herself and has a lack of self worth all because she cannot achieve these standards. She cannot change the way she looks, yet she is apologizing for not being â€Å"pretty enough†. She also goes on to talk about how life may have been better for her if she were a son instead of a daughter. She would be worthy of love because she associates strength, confidence, beauty and smarts with being male. â€Å"I would swagger through life / muscled and bol...

Motivational Advice from Oscar-Winning Actors

Motivational Advice from Oscar-Winning Actors We have collected some nice motivational quotes from the most beloved Oscar-winning actors. The way to the big screen is a really hard way and most celebrities have achieved great success through dedication, sacrifice and hard work, learning wisdom on their way. Today they are going to share their wisdom with you. Its a wonderful metaphor, catching a wave, for how you can look at other challenges in your life. Jeff Bridges There is no life without hardships just like there is no sea without waves. Some people give up after facing a challenge, but they shouldnt. Sometimes waves knock you down but you should get up and move on. Only if you keep moving forward you can catch the wave and let it drift you. I think that when you dont see the boundaries, you cross them without even knowing they exist in the first place. Marion Cotillard The best way to push the boundaries is to forget about their existence. Boundaries are born in your mind and you are the only one who sets them. My life is the road, man. I need to keep moving. Matthew McConaughey Every individual has his own way on the road of life. So never stop moving forward, no matter how tough the road is. Don’t just aspire to make a living, aspire to make a difference. Denzel Washington The only way to achieve success is being an individual. Whatever you are doing, try to do it your own way. Making a living without feeling pleasure in your life and work will get you into nowhere. When you make a difference, you make your life more challenging but interesting and full of hopes. There are a lot of great movies that have won the Academy Award, and a lot of great movies that havent. You just do the best you can. Clint Eastwood What is the most important factor for success? Is it luck or hard work? Of course, luck is tricky: sometimes it is good, sometimes it is bad and we cannot engineer it. But we can come closer to doing so by applying our best efforts. In this industry, there are only two ways up the ladder. Rung by rung or claw your way to the top. Its sure been tough on my nails. Jack Nicholson Some people achieve success operating really tough while the others just move slowly but steadily. No matter how exactly you are acting, after you apply the best efforts, achievement is bound to come. So never give up and be tough when it is needed. Some are born great. Some achieve greatness. Some get it as a graduation gift. Robin Williams Some people are born with something special that others do not seem to have. It might be a look in their eyes or a great charisma: you either have it or you dont. However, there are people who know what to do to become great and they are continually trying to become better. Thus, what Robin Williams says, is that real greatness is a mixture of the two. When I was a little kid, I watched great people acting. You are the people wanted made me want to be an actor. Now Im proud to be an actor and Im gonna keep on acting. Whoopi Goldberg There are great people in the world - people who have inspired others by their achievements, values and attitudes. People who are the best at what they do are the greatest teachers. Watch them and learn from them and maybe someday you will inspire others as well. These powerful messages is something you can benefit from - realize your potential, do your best, set goals and achieve them. There are many ways to make your dreams come true, so keep these motivational advice in your mind and be a winner! Image credit: CNN Entertainment.

Commercial banks in Saudi Arabia Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Commercial banks in Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Example However, besides improvement of an economy, it is very important that commercial banks must look into their internal aspects and ensure fulfilment of their own objectives that is to achieve profitability that is the foremost and basic objective of every commercial organization around the globe. In this regard, while commercial banks play an imperative role in a country’s economy, they put efforts to ensure their own sustainability, as well as environmental sustainability that subsequently results in their own profitability. In this regard, there exist various determining factors that decide profitability of banking institutions, especially commercial banking organizations and it is important to analyze such factors. Significance In particular, it is an observation since the period of recession, a huge number of banking organizations are confronting problems in ensuring their profitability, and thus, outcomes of the proposed research will be effective in understanding different factors that play a crucial role in ensuring profitability in commercial banks. In addition, results of the proposed research will enable banking students to acquire a critical perspective of different processes of commercial banking that cause success or failure in terms of profitability, and therefore, understanding of the proposed research’s outcomes will be very significant in eliminating any adverse factors from the processes. At the same time, it will allow the potential bankers to give significance to factors that play a noteworthy role in guaranteeing profitability in the commercial banking industry. Research Objectives Before carrying out research, it is very imperative that the researcher ensures clarified understanding of aims and objectives, as it is an observation that vague objectives often result in unproductive outcomes, and thus, the research proposal will now include aims and objectives of the proposed research: Identify and examine different internal and e xternal factors that play a crucial role in affecting the profitability of commercial banking organizations Scrutinize the extent of impact of such factors in different banking processes Study the effects of identified factors in the case study of a commercial banking organization in Saudi Arabia Identify and recommend strategies that may ensure positive impact of studied factors on profitability of commercial banks, specifically, in the corporate culture of Saudi Arabia Research Statement In this regard, the researcher will focus on the following research statement to fulfill the aims and objectives of the research: â€Å"To identify and analyze the factors that affect profitability of commercial banks, specifically, in Saudi Arabia† LITERATURE REVIEW Commercial banks are a key aspect in the financial growth as well as stability of nations. They are the main providers of funding for development ventures, credit and services for business dealings. They as well have an effect on money supply within the financial system through lending practices. Commercial banks in Saudia have shown record financial performance during the last five years, along with impressive economic development. The challenge for banking industry is to launch inventive ways in its functions leading to better financial

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Final exam - Essay Example However, Muslims should explore the following issues in order for them to attain programmatic changes. To begin with, Muslims deploy a Marxist analysis that discourages Marxist discourse and that never allows exploitation of common citizens by anonymous current changes that include market forces (Karam, 16). This appeal can enable Muslims to fill the gap or vacuum left by the country leading to a more conservatism characterized by situations where people know and trust each other. They create circles where everyman is responsible, change any mentality of assault, and resolve problems that act as an obstacle to Muslim’s social prestige. Identify and observe their wealth and fight to get back of those marginalized by the republican ethos. Muslim community should also consider viability in order to attain the change that they aspire. They should uphold the effort to integrate what they view as unacceptable yet compliant in other communities as their weakness and in the meantime act to implement it. For example, they should continue to uphold the importance of dialogue and a high level of understanding in areas where the society requires women’s concerted efforts. Women in Muslim societies are getting opportunities that include; rights activism, involvement in the government’s development projects, and advancing education further. These cases reveal that, the society has changed and unlimited their network to help achieve programmatic change in the society. Nevertheless, this can radically improve more if Muslim heads of state and families can invest more heavily on women and give them more opportunities that fully exhaust their energy in view of realizing transformation. Analysis show that women work for two-thirds of the world’s working hours but yet live in extreme poverty and only earn the least percentage (10%) of the world’s total income. Muslims should surpass that world margin of

Resource and Talent Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Resource and Talent Planning - Essay Example Table of Contents 1.Introduction 4 2.The War for Talent 5 3.Factors affecting the War for Talent 6 4.Talent Management during Economic Downturns 7 4.1 Recruitment and Selection 8 4.2 Training and Development 9 4.3 Talent Retention 10 5.Conclusion 11 1. Introduction The war for talent has been as a result of an expanding global economy. This is because it has led to increased competition for talent around the globe. During times of slow economic growth or unusual economic crisis, management of talent remains a critical issue for organisations. This is because during such times, companies stand to lose valuable talents among their employees, if not careful. In order to succeed in the competitive global marketplace, organisations need to manage talent. Lockwood defines talent management as the application of systems created to improve productivity in the workplace or unified approaches by establishing better methods for inviting, cultivating, maintaining and deploying individuals with t he essential skills and abilities to fulfil present and forthcoming business needs (2006). It is a fact that the greatest challenge companies’ face in managing their work force is developing and retaining talent. Just like the rest of the world, talent management is constantly progressing. Different other factors also come into play in the effort to manage talent within organisations. These include partnerships, global development, and the economy that is constantly changing (Lockwood, 2006). At the centre of talent management is the belief that talent begins from the bottom of organisations and is present in individuals at all levels, and therefore everyone ought to be considered. The war for talent is influenced by factors such as increased movement of people across the globe, irreversible changes to cultures, skills and business environments, economic and demographic trends across the globe, and diversity, which all lead to competition for labour and labour shortages in or ganisations. To counter this, especially during times of slow economic growth, organisations focus on recruiting top talent, training and developing talent, and retaining good employees as discussed in this paper. 2. The War for Talent The term ‘The War for Talent’ was created by McKinsey & Company in 1997. During the time that this term came to being, many organisations had been experiencing the phenomenon associated with it, but they could not fully express it. According to Michaels, Handfield-Jones and Axelrod, â€Å"the economy was burning white hot in the late 1990s and companies were scrambling to hire and retain the people they needed† (2001, p. 1). During this time, organisations were offering substantial bonuses for those who signed contracts with them, highly qualifies employees were being headhunted before they even settled in their new jobs and majority of them were asking for salary increments barely three months after joining organisations (Michaels , Handfield-Jones and Axelrod, 2001). Companies experienced shortages for qualified employees to fill crucial positions, while those that were esteemed with such talents, such as consulting firms and

Pressure Distribution around Circular Cylinder Lab Report

Pressure Distribution around Circular Cylinder Lab Report The aims of the investigation is to measure the pressure distribution on the surface of a smooth cylinder placed with its axis perpendicular to the flow and to compare it with the distribution predicted for frictionless flow, and to calculate the drag coefficient of the cylinder. In the investigation being carried out, a cylinder in a closed circuit wind tunnel will be experimented upon to gather the pressure distribution acting on it at different speeds. When the cylinder is standing vertically to the incoming flow in a wind-tunnel, two experiments will be carried out for the same cylinder, one with smooth (laminar) flow and the other with turbulent flow. The experimental pressure distribution obtained from each experiment will be compared with the theoretical distribution predicted for frictionless flow. The drag coefficient for the cylinder will be calculated together with the tunnel calibration constant for both tests. The smooth cylinder has got 12 pressure tappings at angular intervals of 30 ° on its surface; it is also placed with its axis vertical on a turntable on the floor. These tappings are connected to multi-tube (methylated spirits) manometer, which is inclined at an angle of 30 ° to the horizontal. The multi-tube manometer has got a total of 34 tubes, out of which the first 12 are directly connected to the pressure tappings on the cylinder, so that tube 1 is connected to pressure tapping 1 and so on. Pressure tapping 1 is facing the oncoming flow when the angular position indicator is set at 0 °. Since pressure tapping 1 is connected to tube 1 in the multi-tube manometer, the head pressure shown on tube 1 will represent the stagnation pressure. Tube 34 in the multi-tube manometer is connected to the upstream part of the wind-tunnel. The Betz manometer is used to change the incoming flow velocity at the upstream section. Since both the Betz manometer and tube 34 (in the multi-tube m anometer) are connected to the upstream section, both will show the same equivalent reading for pressure but in different units. Background theory: Laminar flow is defined when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers. In comparison to this Turbulent flow has a much more disorganized pattern, it is characterized by mixing of the fluid by eddies of varying size within the flow. The Reynolds number (Re), gives the measure for laminar and turbulent flows. Laminar flow takes place when Reynolds number is lower than 104, and for Turbulent flow the Re must be greater than 3ÃÆ'-105. Reynolds number has got no units since it is just a ratio. There are many diverse types of equations for deriving the Reynolds number of an actual shape. Fig. A shows the different types of flow patterns at various angles. The appropriate equation for the cylinders Reynolds number can be acquired from: Re = [eq. 1] Where: d = Diameter of cylinder V蠁 ¾ = Velocity of fluid upstream v = Kinematic viscosity of air (1.46ÃÆ'-10-5 m2s-1) From the equation both values of d and v stay constant for both experiments, therefore the change in Reynolds number depends directly on the upstream velocity of the wind-tunnel. From the Bernoullis equation the relationship between fluid pressure and velocity can be established [eq.2] Where: P = pressure of the fluid Z = Height à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ²air = air density à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ² = The density of the fluid G = Gravity V= the velocity of the fluid The height in remains constant therefore the flow in the wind tunnel has an equation. [eq.3] By dividing both sides with à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ² and taking measurements from the point where the flow of velocity stops, (the stagnation point where V2 = 0). This is for the reason that at the stagnation point on the surface of the tube that is perpendicular to the flow to it, therefore the dynamic pressure is given by: [eq. 4] The pressure is measured using the manometer, and then therefore the pressure at the tapping must be the same as the pressure head at à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ²gH. Then the stagnation head and static head measured on the multi-tube manometer Inclined at a specific angle are given by: [eq.5] [eq.6] So when using these two equations the pressure differences found using them become. [eq.7] The dynamic pressure upstream of the cylinder is gained from: [eq.8] In the equation above k = the tunnel calibration constant. The pressure change across the wind tunnel contraction is measured using two different instruments; the Betz manometer and the Multi-tube manometer (tube no. 34). In an ideal system where there are no losses in energy. In procedures with energy losses, the ratio value is below 1. The relation is known as the tunnel calibration constant (k). is the pressure variation across the contraction as displayed by the reading on the Betz micro-manometer. The tunnel calibration constant can be attained directly from: [eq.9] Differences between the pressure at angles from the front of the stagnation point and the free steam pressure Pà ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ µ is gained from the following equation: [eq.10] hà ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬   is a reading on tube 1 when pressure tapping number 1 is at an angle from the front of the stagnation point. Therefore the pressure coefficient at an angle can be defined: [eq.11] To find the pressure coefficient based on frictionless flow by using: [eq.12] The equation above is applied when plotting a graph, of variation of cÃŽÂ ¦ vs. ÃŽÂ ¦, by replacing values of angles into the equation above and then finding out the subsequent values for pressure coefficient (cÃŽÂ ¦). The consequent graph drawn from the derived equation will only correspond to a theoretical relationship, where the flow is believed to be frictionless. In the illustration below, the pressure in the wake region is less than pressure upstream; this causes drag, mainly due to flow separation behind the body. The streamline pattern and the pressure distribution are not balanced and a wake of slow-moving air is produced behind the cylinder. Fig. B shows flow separation taking place behind the cylinder The drag force, due to the pressure forces on the cylinder can be derived from: [eq.13] As the term integrates to zero, the drag coefficient can be simplified to: [eq.14] Apparatus The cylinder being experimented on is placed in the wind tunnel. The part that will be under testing will be of size of 1.000m X 0.760m. The wind tunnel will have a contraction ratio of 5.6 To connect the pressure tappings from upstream and downstream of the tunnel contraction to a Betz micro-manometer (mmH2O). The velocity of air in the test section is to be fluctuated by adjusting the fan speeds on a controller. Thirdly a smooth circular cylinder with diameter 114.3 mm to be placed with its axis vertical, on a turntable on the ground of the test section area. It can be seen in the cylinder where halfway along there are pressure tappings at angular intervals of 30à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° on its surface, near to the tappings are marked numbers from 1 to 12, these are connected to the upper ends of 1 to 12 tubes on a manometer. This manometer is to be a multi-tube methylated spirits manometer. The pressure upstream of the cylinder is sensed by a taping on the tunnel wall and is connected to one of the tubes. In this experiment to be tube number 34. The remaining tubes 13 to 33 are open to the atmosphere. The level of turbulence has to be changed, so in this test section it is small however to be increased by the insertion of a grid. This grid as an array of circular rods upstream of the test section. Lastly as the cylinder is to be placed on the turntable that is to be rotated. The angular position of pressure tapping number 1 is indicated on a digital counter in degrees and in tenths of degree. Method: To be able to do this experiment the cylinder to be already oriented so that the pressure from tapping 1 is facing the oncoming flow and the angular position indicator will have to be set at 0à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °. As we know that the pressure P1 tapping is the stagnation pressures and exceeds the pressure Infinity upstream of the cylinder by an amount. The experiment firstly to test laminar flow The laminar flow of the velocity of the wind tunnel will be increased gradually until the Betz manometer reads 15mH2O. For this velocity to remain constant adjustments are made. From the multi-tube manometer, to take readings of fluid heights to show a general idea of the pressure distribution. The fluid height to be noted from the tube which is connected to the tunnel wall upstream of the cylinder. To measure the fluid height in tube 1 is measured then the table is to be turned in intervals of 10 degrees, this is to be repeated for every 10 degrees until it has fully rotated around 360 degrees. The experiment is also to test in a turbulent flow To have a grid with an array of squares inserted in to the wind tunnel, where the air flow and the velocity increases until the Betz manometer reads 35mmH2O, as the air becomes turbulent. This whole procedure to be repeated. Fig. C shows the manometer tube readings at a zero angle for smooth flow. Fig. D shows the manometer tube readings at a zero angle for turbulent flow. The readings of the multi-tube manometer were taken before starting to rotate the cylinder (at zero angle). This preliminary data collected is presented visually to show the shape of the pressure distribution around the cylinder. Tube 33 is open to air; hence it shows the atmospheric pressure. And tube 34 as mentioned earlier, shows the head pressure of the upstream section of the wind-tunnel. Results Raw Results: The scale of the manometer used was in inch. Therefore, the results obtained have to be changed to metres. This is done as follows: 1 inch = 0.0254 metres The heights of the fluids have to be multiplied by 0.0254 to change to metres. Smooth flow: ÃŽÂ ± = 30 ° h蠁 ¾ = 11 inch = 11 x 0.0254 = 0.2794m Turbulent flow: ÃŽÂ ± = 30 ° h蠁 ¾ = 10.4 inch = 10.4 x 0.0254 = 0.26416m The pressure coefficient, cà Ã¢â‚¬ ¢, at an angle can be found by using eq 8. The calculations to find cà Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ will be the same for both laminar and turbulent flows. The only difference would be that the value of h蠁 ¾ would be different in each case. The value for h1 is the value obtained when the cylinder is at 0 °. The calculations to find the pressure coefficient for the laminar flow at ÃŽÂ ¦ = 0 ° is shown below: = 1 Calculated Results The following data shows values, which will be used to determine the pressure coefficient, this will be calculated using eq. 11. Smooth flow Transonic Flow Frictionless flow The values for the pressure coefficients will be the same for both laminar and turbulent flows since cà Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ only depends on the angle ÃŽÂ ¦. The pressure coefficient for a frictionless flow is found using eq. 12. Theoretical graph: The graph represents in a theoretical manner in which the experimental values should be able to compare to, whereby the air flowing in the graph, shows constant change at regular angle intervals. Also all peaks and troughs on the graph show relevant pressure coefficients. The graphs illustrate the pressure coefficient variation with changes in angle. The above graph shows the variation of cÃŽÂ ¦ vs. ÃŽÂ ¦ in laminar flow. This is then compared to the cÃŽÂ ¦ vs. ÃŽÂ ¦ in turbulent flow. Calculations to find the drag coefficient, CD: The value for the drag coefficient depends on the value of cÃŽÂ ¦ cosÃŽÂ ¦, this relation can also be noticed in eq. 14. Laminar flow Discussion: Throughout this experiment several factors were found out these include: The pressure distribution in the system Drag of the cylinder Drag coefficient Reynolds number Errors in the experiment which may have caused anomalies Looking at the graphs it can be seen that the pressure distribution in the system as in both lamina and turbulent flow also in parts off the graph it shows steady correlation, between angles 900 and 3100 in laminar flow. Angles 1300 and 2300 in turbulent flow. The drag on the cylinder in turbulent and lamina conditions show through the results and graphs shown. As there is more drag when there is turbulent flow than lamina, however this easy to understand as, in lamina flow the eddies produced have a small wake so therefore it does not have a large pressure so do not increase drag. From the graphs it can be seen that the pressure coefficient in lamina flow at 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° is greater than the pressure coefficient at turbulent flow. However in the turbulent flow the motion reduce the pressure and so increases the drag. The drag coefficient can be found by looking at the results and graphs, which both show that it is less in turbulent flow as the separation point occurs after 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° resulting in less eddies so less wake and therefore a high pressure with a end of low drag coefficient. Whereas in lamina flow it is greater than in turbulent. This may be due to the fact that the separation point occurs before 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °, this has a resulting effect of more eddies which induce wakes and low pressure, the end result of this is a high drag coefficient. Separation point is where the angle flows become steady. The separation point occurs when the velocity of the fluid is reducing, in which the pressure flows induce a positive pressure gradient. Then once the separation has passed the boundary layers bend over and flow in the opposite direction. The pressure remains constant after the separation point because eddies are transferred to another energy. The separation point at lamina flow is at 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° than for turbulent which is after 90à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ° as the pressure gradient is greater in laminar flow, which means that the greater the pressure gradient the earlier the separation. The reason why Reynolds number is greater in turbulent flow than lamina , as the main reason for this is that less pressure and drag coffeicnet and more drag is acting on to the cylinder. Conclusion: In this experiment a cylinder was used to find laminar and turbulent flow around it, the main objective was to see if the drag and flow increased or decreased, this was achieved and so this was shown that they increased in turbulent conditions and decreased in laminar conditions. Also in a turbulent condition the separation will increase to 90 degrees and the Reynolds number also increases. Discussion Figure G H shows the head pressure distribution around the cylinder. As it can be seen from the laminar head pressure distribution (figure G), the pressure between tubes 3-11 (i.e. angle 90 ° up to 330 °) is approximately the same. This shows that the pressure is more or less the same around the cylinder (seen from top view), except from its front point facing the oncoming flow, where the pressure is equal to the stagnation pressure. In the case of turbulent flow (figure H), the head pressure distribution pattern is somewhat different. The head pressure values drop between tube no. 5 to 9, which is the rear part of the cylinder. This proofs that a low-pressure region exists at the rear of the cylinder in turbulent flow. This region of low-pressure is referring to the wake region. The pressure distribution is also clearly symmetrical about tubes 6 and 7, which proofs that the pressure distribution on one (horizontal) side of the cylinder is the similar to the one on the opposite side of the cylinder. The percentage error for the coefficient of drag (CD) value in experiment 1 was calculated to be around 2.5%. This is a relative small percentage error, which shows that the experimental errors involved in experiment 1 were not significant. However, the percentage error for the CD value in experiment 2 was a massive 56%, which clearly shows that the experimental errors involved in experiment 2 did play a significant role. The error due to parallax is one of those errors. The parallax error is human reading error, where the eye needs to be exactly in line with the reading to be measured. In both experiments, the multi-tube manometer was at an inconvenient position (on the floor). And furthermore the whole manometer system was slanting at an angle of 30 ° to the horizontal. Both of these factors made it difficult to get the eye level exactly in line with the reading to be measured from the multi-tube manometer. This might have caused inaccuracy in the readings. The trapezium rule was used to determine the area under the graph of cÃŽÂ ¦cosÃŽÂ ¦, which was used to calculate the coefficient of drag. Since the graph had regions of both negative and positive areas, the trapezium rule had to be applied separately for each section of the graph. The whole graph was divided into strips, each with a width of à Ã¢â€š ¬/18 (10 degrees in radians). When the graph of cÃŽÂ ¦cosÃŽÂ ¦ goes from a positive region into a negative one, the experimental data in some cases does not reach exactly zero before the data switches signs. This results in some minor areas of the graph being neglected. This would not significantly affect the total area found from the trapezium rule, since the areas neglected are relatively small. But since some areas of the graph are ignored, the total area found would not be the exact area under the graph. This will result in an error in the final values of the coefficient drag. The tunnel calibration constant for laminar flow (k1) was found to be 1.0959. Clearly this value cannot be accurate because the ratio of the two pressures must be equal to 1 or below, since both are representing the pressure across the same points. The unexpected high value for k1 must have been a result of experimental error. Since most terms are constant in the equation used to find k, the only factors that could have contributed to the error must have been the values of h蠁 ¾ h1, which were obtained from the multi-tube manometer. While taking the readings from the multi-tube manometer, the fluid (methylated spirit) in the tubes was fluctuating. Some of the fluctuations were as large as +/- 0.5 inch. For this reason, many of the readings obtained might have been greatly inaccurate, which eventually could have lead to a significant error in the final values for the coefficient of drag in both experiments, as well as the value of k for laminar flow. The tunnel calibration constant for turbulent flow (k2) was found to be 0.7632. This value clearly indicates that energy losses did take place since the value is well below 1. Energy losses may have occurred in 2 main forms; as heat and sound energy produced by friction and collisions of air molecules with especially the grid system at the upstream. Heat energy (and some sound energy) is also produced due to friction of the inner wall of the wind tunnel. The flowing air must do work to overcome this friction, and therefore some kinetic energy of the flowing air is lost as heat. To get turbulent flow, the flow rate was increased and a grid system was introduced. With the introduction of a grid system at the upstream in experiment 2, more collisions of air molecules took place, hence resulting in increased loudness of flow. This increase in loudness (due to the increase in collisions and friction) resulted in some kinetic energy of the flow being converted into heat and more noticeably sound energy, and therefore some of the initial kinetic energy of the flow was lost. Energy in form of heat is also lost due to formation of turbulent eddies. The formation of eddies takes place in turbulent flow. All these energy loss factors mentioned earlier might explain why the k-value for turbulent flow was less than the k-value of laminar flow. In figure I, three graphs were plotted for the variation of pressure coefficient with angle. Each of the graphs was representing data for a unique condition. In the case of the theoretical data graph (green coloured), which represents the condition of frictionless flow, shows that at zero angle the pressure is a maximum (stagnation pressure). Moreover at an angle of 180 ° (rear of cylinder), the pressure once again reaches a maximum value. This relationship clearly indicates that the pressure distribution pattern would have been exactly symmetrical around a vertical axis at the centre of the cylinder. However, in the case of both laminar and turbulent flow the lines if symmetry is not vertical but horizontal about the centre of the cylinder. By looking at the graphs, all graphs show a maximum pressure coefficient at an angle of zero (equivalent to 360 °), which shows that whatever flow condition is imposed a maximum pressure will still remain at the stagnation point, which is the point where the fluid is brought to a stop. For laminar flow, the pressure coefficient remains more or less constant after an angle of approximately 75 °. This point is referred as the angle of separation, where the flow starts to separate from the cylinders surface. This value of 75 ° is very close to the value of 82 ° given for angle of separation for laminar flow in figure E. In the case for turbulent flow, the pressure coefficient stays more or less constant after an angle of approximately 130 ° (i.e. angle of separation). Once again, even this value for angle of separation is very similar to the value of 120 ° given for turbulent flow in figure E. One of the main reasons why there is a difference in shape between the theoretical graph and the experimental graphs for pressure coefficient is due to the fact that the assumption of air being a frictionless flow is invalid, since air is a viscous fluid. Overall the characteristics of the pressure coefficient graphs can be said to be an accurate presentation of actual data, since the three pressure coefficient graphs (between angle 0 to 180 °) are highly identical in terms of both the shape and scale of the pressure coefficient graphs shown in figure E. Conclusion The value of tunnel calibration constant (k) for experiment 1 was found to be inaccurate (due to experimental errors) since the value is not expected to exceed 1. However, the value of k for experiment 1 shows that very negligible energy losses take place across the contraction of the wind tunnel under laminar flow. The value of k was significantly lower for experiment 2; this clearly shows that the energy losses that take place across the contraction of the wind tunnel are significant. The main reason for significant amount of energy losses is due to the introduction of a grid system at the upstream in experiment 2. The grid system dramatically increases the effects of friction to the oncoming flow. For this reason, some of the initial kinetic energy of the airflow is lost as heat and sound energy. The obtained graphs for variation of pressure coefficient with angle around the cylinder perimeter can be said to be fairly accurate, since both the shape and scale of them is extremely identical to the graphs representing the same data in figure D. For experiment 1 the coefficient of drag value had a percentage error of only 2.5%, which shows that the experimental errors did not have a significant impact on the final result. However, in the case of experiment 2, the percentage error for the coefficient of drag was a massive 56%, clearly the experimental error did significantly affect the final result in experiment 2. In future improvements, the percentage error of the CD value in experiment 2 could be further decreased by reducing experimental errors mentioned in the discussion section.

Ethical Business Practices :: Business Ethics

Ethical business practices include assuring that the highest legal and moral standards are observed in your relationships with the people in your business community. This includes the most important person in your business, your customer. Short term profit at the cost of losing a customer is long term death for your business. A reputation for ethical decisions builds trust in your business among business associates and suppliers. Strong supplier relationships are critical to a successful business. Consider the problems you might have if you could not supply what the customer needs...at the time that they need it. The entrepreneur is the role model for employees. If your behavior includes lying to customers, taking money out of the cash register, or taking home some of the inventory or supplies, you cannot be surprised if your employees follow your lead. Your family members may see the business as their own and take things that really belong to the business. Employees may see this as being dishonest, or as a conflict with their needs for a raise in pay. The community expects your business to operate in an ethical manner that enhances the image of the community as a whole. If you are located in a mall, for example, your code of ethics will help or hinder customer traffic for the other businesses too. A reputation for telling customers anything they want to hear, regardless of the truth, eventually hurts your business and other businesses around you. It usually isn't illegal to lie to customers, but it isn't good business. Ethical behavior is merely making good business decisions based on an established "code of ethics". Entrepreneurs should establish a written code of ethics that can serve as a framework for decisions to be made by the entrepreneur as well as the employees. In developing this code of ethics you should consider the following items: 1. Identify your general principles that would lead to fair business practices. 2. Check with your industry association for basic standards to review 3. Allow for the fact that ethical questions do not always have a unique, faultless answer. 4. Write out specific statements that will assist you and others in making day-to-day ethical decisions. 5. Apply your code of ethics to a written policy and procedure manual identifying the major rules for operating your business. 6. Train your employees (and family members) to make ethical decisions about the business.

Enlightenment Values In Europe Essay

The focal point of this paper is to evaluate and analyze the reasons behind the opposition to enlightenment values in Europe between the mid-18th and mid 20th centuries and who identify the section of the society that objected to progress, science, reason, liberty, happiness, etc. It can well be stated that the main aspect of this enlightenment was chiefly based on openness to religion, racism and civil rights along with freedom of thought process. These are all highly acclaimed values of today but back in mid-18th and mid 20th centuries, which are stated as Modern society, there were enough opposition in this context and this opposition was mainly economical. The idea of Modern Society is more of a concept than actuality. For this reason it is essential to define Modern Society. There are several notions regarding the concept of modern Society but most acceptable is the period dating from 1800s. Therefore, it is obvious that the era after 1800 (specifically after Industrial revolution) could be termed as Modern. However, when conceptualized, it can be stated there are several distinguishing features. It can well be stated that the industrial revolution brought the concept of modernism into existence during the mid-18th century. The most distinctive features of Modern society could be enumerated as Universality, development of Political thought, advent of technology and science, different inventions, approach towards Arts, Specified Cultures, distinctive warfare and industry. There are several social and economic factors that make the Modern society different from the Pre Modern Society. These social and economic factors are development of concepts like secularization, decontextualization, totalitarianism, mechanization, democratization, centralization, hierarchical organization, individualism, linear progression, homogenization, diversification, , hybridization, unification, industrial society, reductionism, , universalism, subjectivism, alienation, rationalization, and bureaucracy making the Modern society a complex and intricate civilization. Another distinctive feature of Modern society from its Pre modern counterpart is that during the modern era the advent of capital as a means of power came into existence. Previously this place was occupied by land in general. Alongside the advent of capital one of the most interesting feature that came into existence was the high volume of goods movement at a given state of time. In the Pre modern Society this phenomenon was unimaginable and Modern society only made it possible with help of capital and industrialization. (Kar, 2006) Yet another interesting feature of the Modern society is the availability of information. This became more easily available due to development of roads and other transportation and similar communication systems that made information abundant. Formerly, the areas that were separated by geographical barriers were broken down after the Pre modern Society and thus people became more aware of things happening around them. However, it should be taken into account that one of the most distinguishable aspects of modern society is its attitude towards sexuality and marriage. Given the many problems that are associated with marriage, it is not so surprising that many young people in Modern societies- which, to a great extent, now values individual fulfillment over traditions – have become disillusioned with the institution of marriage. This has resulted in the surging of non-traditional social structures. This could be termed as an extended approach of freedom of sexuality that flourished in the latter stages as one of the aspect of the civil right movements. This was predominantly an economy related factor as the voting rights of women and human rights of colored population were fallout of payment equality and right of work. All these factors instigated a complete openness to a number of aspects that was not only seen as immoral during the earlier period but also deem as sacrilege. It is obvious a section of the society was not in favor of the changes that were going around. The problem with these traditionalists was more economical than anything else. The lack of devotion towards the concept of God certainly displease the church as lesser interest in religion resulted into lesser amount of revenue and lower power in the sociopolitical perspective. The medieval period had the church at the center of all political and social structure and it gained huge authority over every aspect of life. Industrialization and economic independence certainly constricted the power and jurisdiction of the aspects of church and religion and thus made the religious authorities extremely unhappy about the proceedings. It was no surprise that the church openly opposed the progression of the European society. It was during this time slavery was banned first in United Kingdom and then the abolition was practiced all over Europe. This also was subjected to protests from certain part of the society, particularly from the commercial agricultural product manufacturers. These were the chief population that supported slavery in the different colonies of the Asia, Africa and Latin America under the imperialist banners of countries like UK, Germany, Spain, Portugal and France. Abolition of slavery was a huge attack on their profit margin and no wonder they protested with social and political influence and sometimes with financial and brute forces. (Lamb, 2004) The concept of civil rights developed as a logical fallout of these aspects. People were becoming aware of their position in the society through better mode of education and communication systems. The general mass was able to see the misgivings of the upper classes towards the rest of the population and identified the problem parts of the system and thus started to look for solution. The next step was rights for further participation into political arena and manifestation of political rights. Labor unrest and labor movement became a regular feature of the 19th century Europe and particularly in UK. These were movements that influenced the economical stability of the patricians of the society and hardly any of them was willing to part with their profit margin with the labors without a fight. Thus opposition in this case too was evident. It could also be stated that all the development of the era started from the openness of the thought process. The ultimate result was the combined force of religion and patricians worked overtime to resist this improvement of human dignity but eventually failed. King, 2006) In conclusion it can well be said that the driving force of history is predominantly economy and it is the different aspects and approach towards economy that give rise to conflicts and revolutions. It was true during the time of the crusades and it certainly relevant to the reasons behind the opposition to enlightenment values in Europe between the mid-18th and mid 20th centuries and objection of certain parts of the society against the aspects of progress, science, reason, l iberty and happiness.

The 1/3 Technology Partnership Challenge

The improvement of the fifth generation (5G) mobile and wireless networks has advanced at a fast pace. The 1/3 technology Partnership challenge (3GPP) aims to complete the initial no standalone option of 5G till the cease of 2017. on account that mid-2015, the ecu Union (european) budget 5G Public private Partnership (5GPPP) phase 1 projects1 that have played an vital role in organising a pre-standardization consensus on regions starting from physical layer to average architecture, network management and software networks. Numerous technologies and innovations from these projects have substantially contributed to the development in requirements growing groups (SDOs). With the intention of consolidating the final results of 5GPPP tasks into an common structure imaginative and prescient and responding to the diverse requirements of 5G use cases and offerings, the 5G architecture running institution has been energetic for the reason that begin of the 5GPPP initiative. The 5G device has the ambition of responding to the widest range of offerings and packages inside the records of mobile and wireless communications categorized in (i) better mobile broadband (eMBB), (ii) extremely-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) and (iii) massive device-type communications (mMTC). In responding to the requirements of these offerings and packages, the 5G gadget targets to offer a bendy platform allowing new business instances and fashions integrating vertical industries, such as, car, manufacturing, energy, eHealth, and amusement. in this foundation, network cutting emerges as a promising future-evidence framework adhering to the technological and business needs of various industries. To acquire this intention, community reducing wishes to be designed from an end-to-end attitude, spanning over distinctive era domain names (e.g., core, shipping and get right of entry to networks) and administrative domains (e.g., exceptional cell network operators) which includes management and orchestration features. Moreover, safety architecture shall be natively incorporated into the general structure, pleasing the requirements of offerings and programs touching on safety-vital use instances. The objective first to get familiar with 5G security the way it has been addressed through Phase 1 in terms the â€Å"What† and â€Å"Why† but additionally, and possibly most significantly, pave the manner for Phase 2 initiatives so we can leverage the achievements resulting from this first Phase.